Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide—and it often develops without early warning signs. While many factors can contribute to the onset of glaucoma, family history is among the most significant. If a close relative has been diagnosed with glaucoma, your own risk increases substantially. Understanding this genetic connection is crucial, especially when it comes to proactive monitoring and early intervention through comprehensive eye care.
 

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is not a single disease but a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. This damage is often related to increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), though glaucoma can also occur with normal eye pressure.
 

There are several types of glaucoma, with primary open-angle glaucoma being the most common. Other types include angle-closure glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, and secondary glaucomas caused by other conditions or injuries.
 

How Family History Influences Glaucoma Risk

Research shows that glaucoma can run in families. If you have a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) with glaucoma, your risk of developing the disease increases significantly - by as much as four to nine times compared to someone without a family history. Genetic factors can influence how the optic nerve responds to pressure, the structure of the drainage angle in the eye, and susceptibility to nerve damage.
 

Inherited forms of glaucoma, such as juvenile open-angle glaucoma or congenital glaucoma, are more directly linked to specific genetic mutations. However, even the more common types of glaucoma appear to have genetic components that make routine eye monitoring essential for those with a family history.
 

The Role of Ophthalmologists in Early Detection and Treatment

As glaucoma often progresses without symptoms, the best way to protect your vision is through regular comprehensive eye exams. Unlike basic vision screenings, these exams include measurements of eye pressure, evaluation of the optic nerve, and imaging tests such as OCT (optical coherence tomography) to detect early signs of nerve damage.
 

Ophthalmologists specialize in the full spectrum of eye care, including the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. They can prescribe medicated eye drops, perform laser treatments, or conduct surgical procedures to reduce intraocular pressure and preserve vision.
 

Protect Your Sight at Eastside Eye Physicians

While glaucoma can’t be prevented, early detection and treatment can protect your vision. If you have a family history of glaucoma, don’t wait for symptoms to appear, take a proactive approach to your eye health. Genetics may increase your risk, but with the expert care, you can manage that risk effectively.
 

Schedule your medical eye exam with Eastside Eye Physicians to stay ahead of glaucoma. Contact our offices in St. Clair Shores or Shelby Township, Michigan, by calling (586) 774-2020 to book an appointment today.